The Ketogenic Diet and Dementia: Can Changing Your Diet Protect Your Brain?

Roula al-Dahhak, M.D

Neurologist and Memory Coach

In recent years, the ketogenic (“keto”) diet has gained attention not only for weight loss but also for its potential to support brain health. Researchers and neurologists are exploring whether this high-fat, low-carbohydrate approach could help slow or even prevent cognitive decline in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and other types of dementia.

Understanding the Ketogenic Diet

The ketogenic diet shifts the body’s metabolism away from relying on glucose (sugar) and instead uses ketones, which are produced when fats are broken down for energy. This metabolic state—called ketosis—has long been used to help manage epilepsy and is now being studied for its potential neuroprotective benefits.

In a randomized-controlled trial, high glycemic index diet correlated with higher cerebral amyloid burden (Rusek M. et al., 2019). Sugar intake was associated with lower cognitive performance on Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and other neuropsychological testings. ( Taylor MK. et al.; 2017).

Why Ketones May Benefit the Brain

As we age or develop dementia, the brain often becomes less efficient at using glucose. This “energy gap” may contribute to cognitive decline. Ketones is proposed to serve as an alternative fuel source, providing energy when glucose metabolism falters. Research suggests that ketones may:

• Reduce inflammation in the brain

• Improve mitochondrial function (the energy centers of brain cells)

• Enhance signaling between neurons

• Protect against oxidative stress

Scientific Findings

Several studies failed to show that individuals with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer’s disease have significant improvements in memory and attention after following a ketogenic or modified Atkins diet. There was improvement in Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life in one study (Phillips MCL et al. 2021), and non significant improvement in Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) that went from 25.2 (out of 30) at baseline, to 26.3 at month 3, and 25.4 at the end of washout period). (MK Taylor et al. 2018). Most studies were short term, but long-term data are still limited.

Potential Drawbacks and Considerations

While the ketogenic diet may offer neuroprotective benefits, it is not suitable for everyone. Potential side effects include fatigue, constipation, elevated cholesterol, or nutrient deficiencies. It should be supervised by a healthcare professional, especially for individuals with diabetes, heart disease, or kidney issues.

Practical Brain-Healthy Eating Tips

Even without adopting a full ketogenic plan, many principles of brain-healthy nutrition overlap with this approach:

• Limit processed sugars and refined carbohydrates

• Incorporate healthy fats such as olive oil, avocados, nuts, and fatty fish

• Include leafy greens and colorful vegetables for antioxidants

• Stay hydrated and maintain balanced electrolytes

At The Memory Training Center

At The Memory Training Center, we recognize that nutrition plays a vital role in cognitive health. While no single diet can cure dementia, tailored lifestyle approaches—including brain training, medical evaluation, and nutritional guidance—can help optimize brain function and quality of life.

Interested in learning how lifestyle changes can support your memory and attention?Contact The Memory Training Center at 314-604-0758 or contact@memorytrainingcenter.org to schedule your personalized brain health consultation.

References:

Rusek M. et al.; Ketogenic Diet in Alzheimer's Disease. Int. J. Mol Sci, 20(16) (2019). P 3892.

Taylor MK. et al.;. A high- glycemic diet is associated with cerebral amyloid burden in cognitively normal older adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 106(6) 2017. PP 1463-1470

Phillips MCL et al. Randomized Crossover Trial of Modified Ketogenic Diet in Alzheimer's Dementia. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 13 (1) (2021). P.51

Taylor MK et al. Feasibility and Efficacy Data from a ketogenic Intervention in Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 4, 1, (2108), PP 28-36.